/* zx8(ps) - Stream Cipher Algorithm/Source Code */

/*
Copyright(c) 2012, Karl-Uwe Frank
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT(INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#** zx8(ps) algorithm developed by Karl-Uwe Frank
*/

/*
------------------------------------------------------------------
 zx8 (ps) Test vectors
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Key:        Password 
 Key (Hex):  50617373776F7264
 Keystream:  8A1A89B3221AC4AB9AAB   
 Plaintext:  Plaintext
 Ciphertext: DA76E8DA4C6EA1D3EEA1
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Key:        SecretKey  
 Key (Hex):  5365637265744B6579
 Keystream:  983283BFE117A0B211E5B433FD0799DCBB43           
 Plaintext:  Secure my Secrets   
 Ciphertext: CB57E0CA937280DF68C5E7569E75FCA8C849
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Key:        HQQMG005
 Key (Hex):  4851514D47303035
 Keystream:  9094D05D6D1F67EAE75C6A6FD59D35
 Plaintext:  Attack at dawn
 Ciphertext: D1E0A43C0E74478B937C0E0EA2F33F
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 Key:        HQQMG007
 Key (Hex):  4851514D47303037
 Keystream:  295C7428FC2C329C627ADD05043F76AC
 Plaintext:  Victory is near
 Ciphertext: 7F35175C935E4BBC0B09FD6B615E04A6
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 Example:
 echo "Secure my Secrets" | ./zx8_stdio 5365637265744B6579 > ciphertext.out
 cat ciphertext.out  | ./zx8_stdio 5365637265744B6579
-------------------------------------------------------------------
*/


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>

//-----------------------------------------
// 
// Swap Values
//
// http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Generic_swap#Works_with:_gcc
//
#define swap(X,Y)  do { __typeof__ (X) _T = X; X = Y; Y = _T; } while(0)


//-----------------------------------------
//
// Global Varaiable Definition
// 
typedef struct {
  unsigned char z[256];
  unsigned char x[256];
  unsigned char a, b;
} zx8_CTX;


// Function prototypes
void zx8_KSA(zx8_CTX *state, size_t keybytes, unsigned char *key);
void zx8_PRGA(zx8_CTX *state, size_t n, unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out);



//-----------------------------------------
// 
// rm -f zx8_stdio && gcc -O3 -std=c99 zx8_stdio.c -o zx8_stdio
// 
//-----------------------------------------
//
// ./zx8_stdio $(echo -en 'egN99T8eK6peC2UC' | md5) < Plainfile > CipherFile
// 
// ./zx8_stdio 7d0ef66789aca2cfa6c76db7560554 <Plainfile >CipherFile
//
// cat CipherFile | ./zx8_stdio 7d0ef66789aca2cfa6c76db7560554 > Plainfile
//


//-----------------------------------------
//
void ShowUsage(char* ThisName) 
{
    fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage  : %s Key(in Hex) <in >out\n", ThisName);
    fprintf(stderr, "\nExample: %s 7d0ef66789aca2cfa6c76db7560554 <Plainfile >CipherFile\n", ThisName);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n         %s $(echo -en 'egN99T8eK6peC2UC' | md5) < Plainfile > CipherFile\n", ThisName);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n         cat CipherFile | %s 7d0ef66789aca2cfa6c76db7560554 > Plainfile\n\n", ThisName);
}



//-----------------------------------------
// Main 
//
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{ 
  // Check if a Parameter are passed through
  char* PrgName;

  PrgName = argv[0];

  if(argc < 2) {
    ShowUsage(PrgName);
    return 1;
  }


  //-----------------------------------------
  //
  // Read the Encryption Keyword
  //
  unsigned char KeyWord[256]; int KeyLen;
  // only char here
  char KeyHash[512]; char hex[3]; 
  int i;

  // Make sure the arrays get initialised properly
  // and wipe out anything which might be there
  for (i=0; i<256; i++) KeyWord[i] = 0; KeyWord[256] = '\0';
  for (i=0; i<512; i++) KeyHash[i] = 0; KeyHash[512] = '\0';
  hex[0]=0; hex[1]=0; hex[2]='\0';

  // Rebuild KeyWord[] from KeyHash
  strcpy(KeyHash, argv[1]);
  KeyLen = strlen(KeyHash);
  KeyHash[KeyLen] = '\0';

  KeyLen = KeyLen/2;
  for (i=0; i<KeyLen; i++) {
    strncpy(hex, KeyHash +(i*2), 2);
    KeyWord[i] = strtol(hex, NULL, 16);
  }


  /* // Debug
  fprintf(stderr,"Key   = ");
  for (i=0; i<KeyLen; i++) fprintf(stderr,"%02x", KeyWord[i]);
  fprintf(stderr,"\n");
  */
  

  //-----------------------------------------
  // Initialisation of zx8(ps)
  //
  // perform the Key Schedule
  zx8_CTX ctx;
  zx8_KSA(&ctx, KeyLen, KeyWord);


  /* // Debug
  fprintf(stderr,"State = ");
  for (i=0; i<32; i++) fprintf(stderr,"%02x ", ctx.z[i]);
  fprintf(stderr,"\n\n");
  */

  //-----------------------------------------
  //
  // Encrypt/Decrypt Binary File(buffered Read/Write)
  //
  const    int  BUF_SIZE = 16384;
  unsigned char inB[BUF_SIZE], outB[BUF_SIZE];
    
  fflush(stdin);
  fflush(stdout);

  int byteRead = fread(&inB, sizeof(char), BUF_SIZE, stdin);
  while (byteRead > 0) {
    zx8_PRGA(&ctx, byteRead, inB, outB);
    
    // redirect output to stdout
    fwrite(&outB, sizeof(char), byteRead, stdout);    
    byteRead = fread(&inB, sizeof(char), BUF_SIZE, stdin);
  }

  fflush(stdin);
  fflush(stdout);

  return 0;   
} 


//-----------------------------------------
// 
// Key Schedule Algorithm (ps)
//
void zx8_KSA(zx8_CTX *state, size_t keybytes, unsigned char *key)
{
  int i;
  unsigned char j, bufI[128], bufO[128]; 

  // Prefill the Arrays
  for (i=0; i<256; i++) state->z[i] = state->x[i] = i;
   
  state->a = state->b = 0; 
  
  for (i=0; i<256; i++) {
    zx8_PRGA(state, 128, bufI, bufO);
    j += (bufO[127] + state->z[i] + key[(i%keybytes)]);
    swap(state->z[i], state->z[j]);
    
    zx8_PRGA(state, 128, bufI, bufO);
    j += (bufO[127] + state->x[i] + state->z[state->x[j]]);
    swap(state->x[i], state->x[j]);
  } 

  // Reset the Array Indices Start Point
  state->a = state->b = 0; 
}


//-----------------------------------------
//
// Pseudo Random Generation Algorithm (ps)
//
void zx8_PRGA(zx8_CTX *state, size_t len, unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out)
{
  unsigned char n1, n2, y;
  
  while (len--) {
    // Calculate distant Array Element Indices
    n1 = state->z[state->a] + state->x[state->a];
    n2 = state->z[state->b] + state->x[state->b];
  
    // First Swap randomly selected Array Element
    swap(state->z[state->a], state->z[n1]);
    swap(state->x[state->a], state->x[n2]);
  
    // Update the global Carry on Array Indices
    state->a += state->b + (n1^n2);
    state->b += 1;
  
    // Second Swap sequentially cycle over every Array Element
    swap(state->z[state->b], state->z[n1]);
    swap(state->x[state->b], state->x[n2]);
  
    // Calculate the internal State Selector Value
    y = (state->z[n1] ^ state->x[n2]);
    
    // Never reveal internal State Values directly
    *out++ = *in++ ^ (state->z[state->x[y]] ^ (n1+n2));
  }
}